Colonizing mars

The Case for Colonizing Mars

In contrast to the Moon, Mars is rich in carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen and oxygen, all in biologically readily accessible forms such as carbon dioxide gas, nitrogen gas, and water ice and permafrost. Carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen are only present on the Moon in parts per million quantities, much like gold in seawater. Oxygen is abundant on the Moon, but only in tightly bound oxides such as silico...

Bacteria colonizing paper machines

Pesticides on Yeasts Colonizing Leaves

All aerial plant surfaces are inhabited by diverse assemblages of microorganisms, including bacteria, fi lamentous fungi, yeasts, and algae. These organisms have profound effects on plant health and thus impact on the ecosystem (Lindow and Brandl, 2003). The yeasts form a major component of the population on leaves (Inácio et al., 2002). Leaf surfaces are colonized by members of several genera ...

The design of Mars lander cameras for Mars Pathfinder, Mars Surveyor '98 and Mars Surveyor '01

The Mars Pathfinder, Mars Surveyor ’98, and Mars Surveyor ’01 lander designs all utilize charged coupled device (CCD)-based cameras to conduct scientific investigations, assist with navigation of surface rovers and/or confirm sample acquisition and delivery by robotic arms (RAs). The extreme temperature and pressure environment of the Martian surface, the vibration and shock experienced during ...

Aggregation in cattle dung-colonizing insect communities

Background Ruminant dung is a highly ephemeral, patchily distributed resource, which is utilized by a diverse community of invertebrate species. This ecologically important community may be affected adversely by insecticide and endectocide residues in the faeces of treated cattle. The aim of the present work was to quantify the aggregation of the insects colonising cow-dung in cattle pastures a...